The exponentially increasing connectivity among people and objects around the world is fundamentally transforming supply chains and we can expect this transformation to accelerate thanks to the advent of the fourth industrial revolution, known as Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 revolves around the concept of cyber-physical systems, which represent the link of real objects with virtual objects via information networks to bring together digital, physical and biological systems. Cyber-physical systems communicate and co-operate with each other and with humans in real time via the Internet, and make decentralized decisions. The application of the concept of the fourth industrial revolution to supply chain operations has been named “Supply Chain 4.0”. Supply chains become smarter, more efficient, safer and more sustainable. This is leading to new supply chain models, which change the traditional approaches to efficiency and effectiveness in supply chain management. The objective of this work is to: i) investigate the state-of-the-art in the literature on the relationship between Supply Chain 4.0 and supply chain sustainability; ii) examine how Supply Chain 4.0 initiatives are approached by businesses and how organizations can seize emerging opportunities for better supply chain sustainability.